+ my $self = shift;
+ my $call = $self->call;
+ my $flag = $self->here ? '1' : '0';
+ my $hops = shift || get_hops(24);
+
+ return "PC24^$call^$flag^$hops^";
+}
+
+
+# create a merged dx message (freq, dxcall, t, text, spotter, orig-node)
+sub pc26
+{
+ my ($freq, $dxcall, $t, $text, $spotter, $orignode) = @_;
+ $text = ' ' unless $text;
+ $orignode = $main::mycall unless $orignode;
+ return sprintf "PC26^%.1f^$dxcall^%s^%s^$text^$spotter^$orignode^ ^~", $freq, cldate($t), ztime($t);
+}
+
+# create a merged WWV spot (logger, t, sfi, a, k, forecast, orig-node)
+sub pc27
+{
+ my ($logger, $t, $sfi, $a, $k, $forecast, $orignode) = @_;
+ return sprintf "PC27^%s^%-2.2s^$sfi^$a^$k^$forecast^$logger^$orignode^ ^~", cldate($t), ztime($t);
+}
+
+# message start (fromnode, tonode, to, from, t, private, subject, origin)
+sub pc28
+{
+ my ($tonode, $fromnode, $to, $from, $t, $private, $subject, $origin, $rr) = @_;
+ my $date = cldate($t);
+ my $time = ztime($t);
+ $private = $private ? '1' : '0';
+ $rr = $rr ? '1' : '0';
+ $subject ||= ' ';
+ return "PC28^$tonode^$fromnode^$to^$from^$date^$time^$private^$subject^ ^5^$rr^ ^$origin^~";
+}
+
+# message text (from and to node same way round as pc29)
+sub pc29
+{
+ my ($fromnode, $tonode, $stream, $text) = @_;
+ $text = ' ' unless defined $text && length $text > 0;
+ $text =~ s/\^/~/g; # remove ^
+ return "PC29^$fromnode^$tonode^$stream^$text^~";
+}
+
+# subject acknowledge (will have to and from node reversed to pc28)
+sub pc30
+{
+ my ($fromnode, $tonode, $stream) = @_;
+ return "PC30^$fromnode^$tonode^$stream^";
+}
+
+# acknowledge this tranche of lines (to and from nodes reversed to pc29 and pc28
+sub pc31
+{
+ my ($fromnode, $tonode, $stream) = @_;
+ return "PC31^$fromnode^$tonode^$stream^";
+}
+
+# end of message from the sending end (pc28 node order)
+sub pc32
+{
+ my ($fromnode, $tonode, $stream) = @_;
+ return "PC32^$fromnode^$tonode^$stream^";
+}
+
+# acknowledge end of message from receiving end (opposite pc28 node order)
+sub pc33
+{
+ my ($fromnode, $tonode, $stream) = @_;
+ return "PC33^$fromnode^$tonode^$stream^";
+}
+
+# remote cmd send
+sub pc34
+{
+ my($fromnode, $tonode, $msg) = @_;
+ return "PC34^$tonode^$fromnode^$msg^~";
+}
+
+# remote cmd reply
+sub pc35
+{
+ my($fromnode, $tonode, $msg) = @_;
+ return "PC35^$tonode^$fromnode^$msg^~";